U.s. Military History Of Technology And Protection

Grant Alexander T. Flowers ENG 1123, Period 4 27 March 2017 The U.S. Military: History of Technology and Protection The U.S. military has been around since the early days of the United States. They have always been there to provide protection for its citizens. Many people are against war, but most can appreciate what soldiers do to protect this country. Military actions are not cheap though because of the equipment and technology that is required to do their job. The military is a certain service that the United States has needed throughout history, and it is still needed today. Because the military in the United States is undervalued, people need to be informed how important the military is to this country. After the†¦show more content†¦The U.S. military utilizes these branches in unison, and it is important to understand the difference between them. While understanding the operations that military personnel undertake; it is also equally important to understand all the problems that these brave soldiers face while performing t heir duty. Military personnel spend so much time deployed that problems are bound to happen. Some are deployed for years at a time. The normal person probably cannot handle the stress that constant combat puts on military personnel. Both mental and physical problems affect troops equally and everyone is different. Knowing the struggles they go through is a great way to learn respect and thankfulness for what soldiers go through. The most common problems that soldiers face is physical injuries. These injuries range from non-life threatening to highly severe. Predicting the severity of wounds and what types of injuries that people will get is often difficult, and long term affects are even harder to predict (Croll 102). Injuries differ vastly and have many different levels of severity. Many of the smaller injuries are not a problem today because of the nature of today’s medicine. Some injuries cannot be treated on that level however, and many soldier never live life the same way again. For instance, if a soldier loses a leg because of an explosive; he may count himselfShow MoreRelatedEssay on Modern Warfare and Technology:823 Words   |  4 Pagesand advanced technologies for the future. Where they all start is in the government’s military field, where they search, and discover new innovations every day. To look for the world’s most modified computer technology one place to look at would be the U.S military. Every year the U.S. spends over a trillion dollars on inventing new technologies, and expanding our knowledge in science. The government has also seen new advancement in technology, from the F/A-18 Hornet, a military aircraft thatRead MoreThe United States And Saudi Arabia1459 Words   |  6 Pagesto the region as major outside states powers employed military force to protect their newly acquired interests in the Middle East. The U.S.’s efforts to secure the flow of oil have led to ever increasing involvement in the Middle East region’s political affairs and ongoing power struggles. By the end of the twentieth century, safeguarding the flow of oil from the Persian Gulf had become one of the most important functions of the U.S. military establishment. The close relationship between the UnitedRead MoreJap A Long History Of Military Action And Wars886 Words   |  4 PagesJapan has a long history of military action and wars against many countries. Japan did not want to end up like many other countries that were poor and not at the head of the economic imperialistic edge. In the early 19th century China was in large part of Japans history. China was looked at by Japan, as a great power and Japan wanted the power. The West was part of Japans history also. Japan wanted to be a great power similar to the Western countries. Japan wanted people in their countries to stayRead MoreImmigration Act Of The Border1473 Words   |  6 PagesBorder Patrol began in 1904 when illegal crossings at the border were prevented by seventy five â€Å"mounted guards† who were given directives by the U.S immigration service to patrol the border (U.S. Customs and Border Protection, n.d). Patrols were, however, not consistent because of limited resources and little supervision. They attempted to prevent Chinese illegal migration as they patrolled along the border in California. However, from 1915, resources such as horses, cars and boats were added toRead MoreThe Department Of Homeland Security1602 Words   |  7 Pagesits creation and as still to this day battles with concerns of relevance and budgetary issues. The future will History of the Department of Homeland Security The department of Homeland security†¦.created†¦ listed below is short history as well as an overview of the agencies that make it and there history HISTORY The Department of Homeland Security was originally suggested by the U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century in its phase III report would write â€Å"We therefore recommend the creationRead MoreMilitary Equipment : Radar And Sonar Technologies1567 Words   |  7 Pagesdefensive technologies focus on protecting military equipment. Radar and sonar technologies are standard additions to most planes, submarines, and ships. Radar and sonar allow the plane or ship to locate any possible incoming enemy and allows submarines to better navigate the seas in front of them. With a warning for upcoming enemies, these planes and ships have a much greater chance of getting the first attack (America in the 20th Century: World War II). Many aircrafts also use stealth technology thatRead MoreWater Scarcity Of Clean Water1508 Words   |  7 PagesWater has a long and meaningful history, from providing the sustenance for life to washing our dishes. As the population increases, this vital n atural resource has strain put on it to continue making life possible. Long ago, humans realized water meant life, and life meant power. Controlling water means controlling the people. Today we have moved past using water to hold people in our power; however sources of clean water are being abused, especially in the U.S. with our huge lawns and daily showersRead MoreEssay on Modern Warfare1411 Words   |  6 Pagessucceed but the fearful will not, this is the case when it comes to military technology. If investments in military technology stop we may put the safety of the citizens in harm’s way. What advancements have been made in our military’s tech and what is still being developed? Technology in the military has greatly increased strength and eased the ranking among world powers and effected the development of new military weapons. Technology is a very important part of modern warfare so what advancements haveRead MoreMissile Defense Systems : Risks And Benefits 1513 Words   |  7 Pagesunavoidable. Technology has gotten overly advanced that a single nuclear missile could destroy a small nation and instantly kill millions of people. Therefore, missile defense system could play an important role in limiting damage and casualties since it could destroy a missile before it causes any harm. Even though there are significant reasons for developing missile defense system, this is still an area of controversy. This essay will give background information on the technology, potential risksRead MoreInformation Security and Risk Management1473 Words   |  6 Pageslethal drone strikes on senior lieutenants Anwar al-Awlaki and Abu Yahya al-Libi, and the incitement of democratic insurrections across the region known as the Arab Spring, a significant and serious threat still exists to U.S. citizens both at home and abroad. Even as our nations military continues to execute successful strikes on enemy combatants in a number of countries from Pakistan to Yemen, Director of National Intelligence Dennis C. Blair stressed in his 2010 Annual Threat Assessment Testimony to

ryanair management - 2459 Words

Table of Contents Objectives 2 Introduction to management 3-5 Functions of management 6-7 Benefits of management 8-9 How to improve management? .10-11 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Biblography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 Objectives In this short project we will be discussing why management is important within an organisation. The organisation we will be reviewing is Ryanair. ïÆ'Ëœ What is management? ïÆ'Ëœ Functions of management ïÆ'Ëœ Why is management important in an organisation? ïÆ'Ëœ What are the benefits of management in an organisation? ïÆ'Ëœ How can management be improved in an organisation?†¦show more content†¦Planning: Planning is the foundation of all the functions of management upon which the other three areas should be built. During planning, management must evaluate the company’s current situation and then developing strategies to achieve these goals, this is called strategic planning. The strategic plan of Ryanair has been to establish itself as Europe’s leading low-fares airline.† Ryanair aims to offer low fares that generate increased passenger traffic while maintaining a continuous focus on cost-containment and operating efficiencies.† (www.ryanair.com) Organising: To accomplish the goals outlined during the planning phase managers need to link employees, responsibilities, and resources together through organisation. Henri Fayol stated that â€Å"To organize a business is to provide it with everything useful or its functioning i.e. raw material, tools, capital and personnel’s†. Managers at Ryanair implemented a strategy to keep operation costs low by limiting its fleet primarily to three variants of a single type of aircraft from a single manufacturer most of which are Boeing 737, this reduces the cost of personal training, maintenance and the purchase and storage of spare parts. It also leads to greater flexibility among crews as pilots and engineers are familiar with the aircraft. (www.ryanair.com) Leading: Leaders motivate and communicate with employees, this involves daily personal contact with people to guide and inspire them towardShow MoreRelatedManagement Assignment Ryanair5707 Words   |  23 PagesBusiness Management (BM291) Assignment Date: 30/11/09 â€Æ' Table of Contents Introduction 3 Q1. Manager Profile Job Description 3 Assignment 3 Key Accountabilities: 3 Management Roles 4 Meeting challenges 4 Reporting 4 Summary of work experience educational attainment 5 Organisational Chart 6 Q2. Comparisons against Fayol’s key managerial roles 7 Q3. Future challenges of the Ryanair Director of Operations 10 Q4. Effectiveness of the Manager 11 Bibliography 13 QuestionnaireRead MoreOperation and Strategy management for Ryanair2421 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿ MSc Management Strategy and Operations Management 2013 / 2014 - GLASGOW MMN220511 Shaishav Kharwar (Mat No: 200813679) Course work 1 Resit Report on RYANAIR Module Leader Dr.Colin Combe Introduction The company chosen in this report is Ryanair in the airline industry. Ryanair is a low cost budget airline travelling across 1600 routes from 57 bases connecting 180 destinations in 29 different countries (RyanairRead MoreLow-Cost Carriers vs Full-Service Airlines905 Words   |  4 Pagesthe other using a Full-service airline. The airlines that will be used in the research are Aer Lingus and Ryanair running in a fully developed European market, and Malaysia Airlines and Air Asia currently functioning on a recent developing domestic market in Asia. After conducting the survey, results show that the younger people are more likely to use Low-Cost service carriers with Ryanair accounting for 24% and Air Asia with 47% who all belong in the age group of under 25 years. 87% of the ageRead MoreRyanair Airlines And The Ryanair Airline1350 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough many articles which were published on the Ryanair Airline in Europe. To me, the online resources are more utilized as book r esources which can be dated back to 20th century or more. The article s which I read gives different facts and the information on marketing strategies which were used by the Ryanair Airline. Many of the contents are related to the work which I learned from this course on Airlines, and Airline Management and Marketing. The Ryanair Airline is known for its low airfare andRead MoreE-Commerce Strategies for Airasia1576 Words   |  7 PagesSTRATEGIES Low cost per average seat kilometer AirAsia focused on ensuring a competitive cost structure as its main business strategy. It has been able to achieve a cost per average seat kilometer (ASK) of 2.5 cents, half that of Malaysia Airlines and Ryanair and a third that of EasyJet. AirAsia can lease the B737-300s aircraft at a very competitive market rates due to the harsh global market conditions for the second-hand aircrafts because of the September 11th event in 2001. Low distribution cost AirAsiaRead MoreRyan Air5684 Words   |  23 PagesManagement Questions. 1. Leadership a. Michael O’Leary is credited with the fabulous expansion of ryanair. Compare his managerial style with Richard Brandson of Virgin and Stelios Haj-Ioannou of Easy Jet. Do you see similarities, differences? O’Leary is said to have a pugnacious and aggressive management style, using a flat management hierarchy whose ethos is to provide a low cost, reliable and competitive service. Ryanair decided to hire O’Leary and sent him to the States for studyingRead MoreA Report On The Airline Business Industry2170 Words   |  9 Pagesrequirement to have outstanding leadership and culture to achieve a strong business operation and management. The two airlines discussed in this report are Ryan air being the main business of the report with Easyjet being the business for comparison and explanations in leadership styles and culture that are carried out and utilised. Both business offer the same services which are cheap fare flights. RyanAir and Easyjet: †¢ tickets are sold directly to customers †¢ Non luxury flights †¢ Singular type ofRead MoreDogfight over Europe: Ryanair (a) - Case Analysis975 Words   |  4 PagesIndian institute of management Dogfight Over Europe: Ryanair (A) | Case Analysis Overview Cathal Ryan and Declan Ryan have started Ryanair since 1985. For nearly a year, Ryanair had operated a 14-seat turboprop between Waterford and Gatwick Airport on the outskirts of London. The airline targeted low-fare segment market. It initiated service from London’s secondary airports. In terms of competition, Waterford and Gatwick didn’t pose any challenges. In 1986, Ryanair gained a license to operateRead MoreRelationship Marketing Ryanair3134 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction: Ryanair was established in the year 1985 by the RYAN family and has grown from a small airline flying a short hop from Waterford to London, into one of the Europe’s largest carriers. The company expanded and within 4 years it had 350 employees, 14 aircraft, and carried 600,000 passengers a year. It is currently serving to 26 European Countries with 148 destinations. It operates on 794 different routes daily serving by more than 1050 flights in a day. It has totally 169 aircraftsRead MoreEasyjet and Ryan Air2145 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Amicably, in today’s airline business industry leadership and culture is imperative and crucial in achieving strong business management and operation. There can be looking at the two airlines specifically, Easyjet and Ryan Air as the focus for explanation and discussion points. Ideally, the product services being offered by RyanAir are cheap fare flights that are most likely the same with Easyjet, offering economic flights to frequent passengers. The core discussion can center on these

Tips for Effective Performance Appraisal System

Question: Describe about the Effective Performance Appraisal System? Answer: Introduction: In this given case study there is a lack of performance appraisal system. So, a good and effective performance appraisal is required. Performance appraisal is a process through which, the performance level and ability of an employee can be evaluated. It is required in the future growth and development. It is generally done in a systematic way. The Relationship between strategic and operational plans: Plans are assigned goals of an organization. Without any plan, none of the employees can achieve their goals. Strategic plans help to meet the organizations large-scale goals. On the other side, operational plans holding excellent points for implementing and executing, strategic plans in day-to-day works. Strategic plans cover a long span of time that may be several years. On the other side operational plans have to cover within a year. Strategic plans are stated in a less-detail manner, but operational plans provide excellent details(Kerzner, 2014). Five things that needs to be considered in case of decision making: Relationship- 1) Relationship with managers. 2) Relationship with peers. 3) Relationship with subordinates. Work and life-1) location. 2) Travel. 3) Amount of work. The kind of work-1) autonomy. 2) Type of work. 3) Contribution. 4) Growth opportunity. Company-1) values. 2) Leadership. 3) Industry. Financial consideration-1) base pay. 2) Incentive. Key result area and critical success factors: Key result area refers to the common area of production and result. Critical success factors have very limited number of variables, conditions and characteristics that have a serious impact on the efficiency, effectiveness and viability of a project, program or an organization. Example of KRA or CSF, Role- product manager, Goal- ensuring of quality product. Key result areas: Satisfaction of customers. Managing the new level product. Controlling operational cost. Quality check. Keeping all the records SMART goals: every business required a set of objectives which is very important to focus on the organization. SMART goals can be defined as following: Specific Measurable Achievable Realistic Time scales. Importance of documentation in PMS and risk: Documentation is the process where information about employees performances is recorded. It is important for an interaction between the managers and the employees. Mainly, primary information is recorded in the documentation so that it would not be lost or forgotten. Example when a customer and an employees interaction went badly, feedback is recorded is the employees PMS (Aguinis, 2013). No risk is there for managing all the documentation effectively because HR develops this process by using feedbacks, measure work level, comments and observation. This all are general information which can get help an employee to develop their performance level. Four way of giving informal feedback and two formal feedbacks: Informal feedbacks are as follows: Ongoing- this type of feedback generally comes when the assigned work are in ongoing process. Day to day- when feedback provide as day to day basis. After checking someone- when the feedback coming after checking someone. Immediate feedback- the immediate feedback is generally comes informally (Aguinis, 2014). Formal feedbacks are as follows: Formal coaching sessions- it is a coaching session where HR and employee interact face to face and discuss about the employees progression and also analyze that there is any further support is required or not. Management by objective- MBO help to improve the performance of an organization by defining objectives which are decided both management and employees. Motivate staff through formal performance appraisal and self motivate for future performance: Motivation is the process which helps to encourage employees towards their work. Well execute and well design performance appraisals have a powerful motivational impact. Appraisal provides some benefits which help to motivate employees are as follows: Performance appraisal helps to improve an individual performance. Performance appraisal help to meet the higher-level psychological needs of an individual Performance management helps to increase an individuals overall development. Performance appraisal helps to build a sense of personal value. Performance appraisal gives a check to employees who are performing poorly. Performance appraisal helps to increase the satisfaction level of an individual (Falcone and Tan, 2013). Self motivation helps to improve an individual performance. By judging the past work performance review, an individual can improve their work in future. Performance appraisal help to interact manager and employees face to face and have a conversation regarding employees week areas, which also helps an employee to develop their performance in future (Mattone, 2013). Four different ways of Reward and recognition for an individual performance: Rewards and recognitions are the best way of motivating employees which help to change their work habits and the main behaviors to benefits a business. Types of rewards programs are- Variable pay Bonuses Profit sharing Stock options Types of recognitions programs- Recognize an Employees as a performer of the year or month Banquets or breakfast (Noe, 2013). Advantages and disadvantages of on the job training: In the On-the-Job training methods, skilled co-workers or supervisors instruct employees and they learn the job personal observation and practice. Advantages- This type of training is very economical as there are no additional personnel or facilities. The trainee will know the actual production conditions and requirements, since they work in the real environment with actual equipment. The trainee acquires full knowledge of the rules, regulation, and procedures by watching and doing. Companies with adequate jobs and employees can easily adopt this type of training (Beebe, Mottet and Roach, 2013). Disadvantages- Instruction may not be properly comprehended at times in these types of training. Learners are often distracted by the noise at the office or workplace. This may cause low productivity if the employee fails to develop adequate skills during the training (Mba-mentor.com, 2015). Plans for an individual are who is not able to meet the deadline: Performance Investment Plan (PIP) is taken for those who are underperforming level. The main purpose of PIP is to direct an employee regarding their performance and try to correct their work if any issues affect the business. Steps which help to improve an individual performance are as follows: Explain the performance issues. Establish an expectation level. Establish a fixed timelines. Progress an action plans which includes organizational objectives and goals. Determine a particular method of evaluation. Analysis PIP with the employee(Siddiqui, 2014). Monitor effectiveness of performance investment plan: There are six steps to monitor effectiveness of performance investment plan Collect all the data. Set a baseline for a normal performance. In this step employee receiving an alert, if they deviate from the baseline. Some typical repot appraise from the employee. In this step, data analysis and visualization take place. All data share with the employee after analysis.(Siddiqui, 2014). Benefits to manage unsatisfactory performance: There are some ways, which helps to benefit to manage unsatisfactory performance: Performance management only focuses on result, not the behavior and activities of an individual. If there is unsatisfactory performance, it will affect on the performance result. Performance management builds a meaningful measurement. It compares the standards and benchmark with the other organization(Successfactors.com, 2015). Steps involve in termination employees: Termination of an employee is the last decision which is taken by an organization. There are six steps which help us to handle termination process effectively: Address to the legal matters. Plan should be prepared before termination meeting. Assess security concerns. Finally conduct a termination meeting(Team, 2014). Conclusion: In the given case study it shows that an effective performance appraisal system is required. It shows that the appraisal system is not fair, so the employees are not aware of their own performance level. So, there a good appraisal system is required which helps to motivate employee and gives a good opportunity in future. References: Aguinis, H. (2013).Performance management. Boston: Pearson. Beebe, S., Mottet, T. and Roach, K. (2013).Training and development. Boston: Pearson. Falcone, P. and Tan, W. (2013).The performance appraisal tool kit. New York: AMACOM, American Management Association. Kerzner, H. (2014).Project management best practices. Hoboken: Wiley. Mattone, J. (2013).Powerful performance management. New York: AMACOM, American Management Association. Mba-mentor.com, (2015).Off the job training methods. [online] Available at: https://www.mba-mentor.com/off-the-job-training-methods [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. Noe, R. (2013).Employee training and development. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Siddiqui, M. (2014).Performance Appraisal Alignment in Perspective of Work Performance. Saarbrucken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. Successfactors.com, (2015).Employee Appraisal Systems. [online] Available at: https://www.successfactors.com/en_us/lp/articles/employee-appraisal-systems.html [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. Team, B. (2014).What is Performance Appraisal System and what are its objectives? Describe the various sources of errors in the appraisal process. What is the difference between the Performance Appraisal and Performance Management Systems in an organisation? | BMS.co.in. [online] BMS.co.in : Bachelor of Management Studies. Available at: https://www.bms.co.in/what-is-performance-appraisal-system-and-what-are-its-objectives-describe-the-various-sources-of-errors-in-the-appraisal-process-what-is-the-difference-between-the-performance-appraisal-and-perfor/ [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. U.S. Office of Personnel Management, (2015).Understanding Performance Management Process and Practices. [online] Available at: https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/performance-management/performance-management-cycle/developing/understanding-performance-management-process-and-practices/ [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. Whatishumanresource.com, (2015).On-the-job Methods - what is human resource ?. [online] Available at: https://www.whatishumanresource.com/on-the-job-methods [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. Yamamoto, S. (2013).Human interface and the management of information. Berlin: Springer.

Personality profile Elyn Saks Essay Example

Personality profile Elyn Saks Paper Personality profile Elyn Saks BY poltna888 Running head: PERSONALITY PROFLIE OF ELYN SAKS Personality Profile of Elyn Saks Abstract The current personality profile looks at Elyn Saks personality. Elyn Saks is a high- achiever diagnosed with schizophrenia. She began to have the symptoms in the early childhood, but managed to live with them. Currently, she is a professor at University of Southern California Law School and adjunct professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego. Her personality is analyzed using multiple classical approaches of personality psychology represented by such famous theorists s Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Erik Erickson, Hans Eysenck, Gordon Allport, Burrhus Frederick Skinner, Albert Bandura, and Abraham Maslow. As he main source, her autobiographical book The Center Cannot Hold: My Journey Through Madness was used (Hyperion, 2007). Theory of Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud is the founder of Psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis focuses on the unconscious aspects of personality, of which a person is unaware. The conscious on the other hand is that which is within our awareness. In 1923 Freud described his constructs of the d, ego, and superego. The id is the most primitive part of our ersonality. It operates according to the pleasure principle and it simply seeks immediate gratification. Freud believed that the unconscious possesses the libido, a flowing, dynamic force. The ego is extremely objective and operates according to the reality principle, dealing with the demands of the environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Personality profile Elyn Saks specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Personality profile Elyn Saks specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Personality profile Elyn Saks specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It regulates the flow ot libido and keeps the id in check, thus acting as a control center ot the personality. It is the superego, which represents the values and standards of an individuals personality. The superego is a characteristic of the personality which strives for perfection. Freud placed great importance on the early years of childhood and introduced psychosexual development stages (oral, anal, phallic, a period of latency, and genital). If a child spends more time in a particular stage then he/she ought to, it leads to a fixation or an incomplete development of the personality. A critical event during the first five years of life is the experience of Oedipus and Electra conflicts (boys sexual attraction toward their mothers and girls sexual attraction toward their fathers, correspondingly). Another major aspect of psychoanalysis is the development of defense mechanisms. According to the theory efense mechanisms are used by the ego to protect the person from anxiety. They include repression, reaction formation, denial, projection, displacement, sublimation, regression, and rationalization. Psychoanalysis is also a therapy. It is based on the observation that individuals are often unaware of many of the factors that determine their emotions and behavior. Psychoanalytic treatment demonstrates how these unconscious factors affect current relationships and patterns of behavior, traces them back to their historical origins, shows how they have changed, and helps individuals to deal better with the realities of adult life. Elyn Saks from the Prospective of Sigmund Freuds Theory One of the best theories to analyze Elyn Saks personality is psychoanalytic theory. In her book The Center Cannot Hold, Elyn (2007) claims that her talk therapy, based on psychoanalysis, is as important for her as antipsychotic medication. Moreover, in addition to being a legal professor at the University of South California, she is a research clinical associate at the New Center for Psychoanalysis. Although, Elyn herself prefers Kleinian analysis (a treatment advocating that patients unleash their fantasies during sessions), it found its origin in the work of Sigmund Freud. I will attempt to analyze Elyns personality using several concepts of Freudian theory, such as the structure of the mind, psychosexual development, and defense mechanisms. Also, I will tell why Kleinian analysis worked for Elyn better than Freudian. In my opinion, Elyns id is strongly suppressed by ego and superego. She never let her sexual libido rule her life. Elyn has an exemplary ability to delay gratification. However, there were several occasions when she followed the pleasure principle, which was in her adolescent period (somewhere in genital stage, according to Freud). She tried illegal drugs: marijuana and mescaline, and Elyn learnt what kind of consequences it brings about. After use of mescaline, her hallucinations persisted, and she felt cognitively dysfunctional for a long time. Also, according to update research, use of marijuana in adolescent period can trigger the onset of schizophrenia (Eggan Lewis, 2006). However, in later life, I cannot mention any bright examples of Elyns id acting out. Her ego kept the id in control, and dealt with the problems of real world more than successfully despite the devastating effect of schizophrenia. She did not lose the ability to plan and act in order to achieve any goal. Regardless the burden of the thought disorder, Elyn solved real problems sometimes better than a person without any mental illness. She planned her career, passed her exams and wrote the best papers, as well as managed her finances. I t proves that Elyns ego is very strong. But, in my opinion, ner superego is even stronger and has ascendency over her personality. Elyn strived for the perfection; it mostly reveals in her academic achievement. Her high moral standards include helping others. For example, she volunteered provide advocacy for a mentally etarded patient, in order for him to move from the hospital back into community. One of Elyns most important moral rules, which was instilled from the childhood, is the belief that she must be strong and fght it, as well as that she can take everything under her control. This feature of her superego helps her to cope with the symptoms of schizophrenia: she tried to act normal while psychosis, she ignored everyday hallucinations and kept working in spite of the cognitive symptoms. However, sometimes superego made her fell into a pitfall. Her ideal self wanted her to be in control of everything, including her mental illness. It led her to the false assumption about her ability to live without medication, and subdue schizophrenia independently. Her superego made her experimenting with the tapering and, as a consequence, falling into crisis plenty of times. It took her long years to realize that sometimes we cannot fight it on our own, and tame this aspect of her superego. Looking at Elyns psychosexual development, it is possible to trace her fixation at the oral stage. She fits the definition of a person who seeks interesting experiences (her experiments with drugs) and knowledge (constant reading and academic achievement). Also, she derived pleasure from being close to others. Although, her mental illness hobbles her in social aspect, she always finds friends and connects to them very strongly. For example, after her friends, Kenny and Margie, left the Vanderbilt University, she sobbed for hours, inconsolable, and for weeks afterwards, had no energy, no focus (p. 48). Each separation for her was a tragedy (the most painful one was with her first therapist, Mrs. Jones). Elyn was attached to her family and all her therapists. Also, she reached full happiness, when her dream about the mate came to fruition, and she met her husband Will. In addition to all those attributes of the fixation at oral stage, Elyn smoked for a long time. Among the defense mechanisms, Elyn used denial most vividly. At some point of her life, Elyns ego was threatened to acknowledge that she had the mental illness. She denied the fact that it is permanent and not Just a transient problem. In the same manner, she denied the constant need for medication. Fortunately, her therapists and friends helped her to admit those facts and she coped with the problems successfully without employing the denial defense mechanism. As I have mentioned earlier, for the treatment of schizophrenia, Elyn Saks referred Kleinian psychoanalysis to Freudian one. According to Freud, psychosis is too narcissistic, too inward-looking, to allow the patient to develop a transference relationship with the analyst (intense feelings, beliefs, and attitudes the patient unconsciously recalls from early life and then directs to the analyst), which is crucial for the clients progress (Freud, 1924). In contrast, Melanie Klein believed that people with psychosis could benefit from analysis and that the necessary transference would develop. It was her theory that psychotic individuals are filed with (even driven y) great anxiety, and that the way to provide relief is to focus directly on the deepest sources of that anxiety (Klein, 1975). During the sessions, the patient is given the freedom to reveal all hidden fantasies and pronounce all inappropriate thoughts. For that reason, Elyn, being most ot the time in control ot ner disorganized thoughts and emotions, found help in this type of treatment. In public, she suppressed all the features of her illness, while at the therapists office she was given an opportunity to reduce the tension. Also, in my opinion, her fixation at the oral stage with the affixed o it proneness for dependency and attachment, assisted Elyn in the development of the transference. The Theory of Carl Jung Carl Jung was a founder of analytical psychology (Friedman Schustack, 2003). He is best known for his theories of the collective unconscious, including the concept of archetypes and complexes. Along with Sigmund Freud, Jung pioneered modern theories of the relationships between the conscious and unconscious aspects of mind. But while Freud postulated a psychosexual explanation for human behavior, Jung perceived the primary motivating force to be spiritual in origin. According to Jung, it was from the soul that the complementary drives of differentiation and integration arose, fueling the processes of growth, development, and healing. Mental illness arose when these processes were thwarted. Jung emphasized each persons uniqueness and believed that the goal of life is individuation, the process of coming to know, giving expression to, and harmonizing the various components of the psyche. Also, in his theory distinguished two general attitudes introversion and extraversion; and four functions thinking, feeling, sensing, and intuiting. In addition, Jungs theory incorporates the notion of two opposing archetypes that represent the differences between our outward appearances (persona) and our inner selves (shadow). Other two important archetypes are the animus (the male element of a woman) and anima (the female element of a man). Elyn Saks from the Prospective of Carl Jungs Theory I find it difficult to apply some of Carl Jungs unique concepts, such as complexes and collective unconsciousness, analyzing personality of Elyn Saks. Among archetypes, I would use only two in order to explain Elyns personality. Also, Jungs attitudes and unctions are quite helpful, too. Complexes are unconscious and repressed emotionally-toned symbolic material that is incompatible with consciousness. According to Jung, they can cause constant psychological disturbances, but, with proper intervention, they can become conscious that will greatly reduce their impact (Friedman Schustack, 2003). Applying this notion to Elyns personality, and, particularly, to her diagnosis, the controversial opinions might arouse. On one hand, schizophrenia is proved to be organic disorder of the brain, and, thus, cannot be caused by the complexes (Friedman Schustack, 2003). On the other hand, psychoanalysis based on revealing emotionally charged feeling, thoughts, and ideas that were suppressed into unconsciousness, which Jung defines as complexes, helped Elyn to maintain the balance and cope with her disease (Saks, 2007). The collective unconscious is a large group of archetypes (powerful emotional symbols) (Friedman Schustack, 2003) that are derived from the emotional reactions of our ancestors to continually repeating events. Examples would be the magician, hero, and the trickster. I could not discern any of those archetypes, or similar to them, in he personality of Elyn Saks. Also, I think that Jungs believe that the origin of mental illness is the soul does not explain schizophrenia of Elyn Saks (and of any other person) in any aspect. However, Elyn can be analyzed from the perspective of Jungs attitudes and tunctions. In my opinion, Elyns nature is extroversion . She is in need for sociability, and close people are a source of energy for her. In her adolescent years, previous to the onset of her illness, she enjoyed going out with friends. But, unfortunately, schizophrenia marked her for life as an introvert. She became more eflective and in need for privacy and space, especially when her symptoms begin to appear. Also, in my opinion, among four functions of Jungs theory, thinking and feeling functions are the most developed in Elyns personality. The fact that she graduated with the degree in philosophy from Oxford University proves that she has unquestionable logic (with the exception of while having a psychosis). She sees cause and effect relations in every situation, a quality without which she would not be able to achieve what she did. Elyns feeling function remained intact by schizophrenia as well: she is creative, warm, and intimate. She did not lose the sense of positive and negative values; she was able to create multiple bonds with other people and a happy family. Although Elyns sensing function must have been devastated by her illness, the vivid and exact description of psychosis and disturbed senses in the book The Center Cannot Hold might imply extraordinary sensing function in Elyn. As for intuitive function, I think it was rarely employed in her life: she has always relied on reasoning and Judgment more than on intuition. One of my favorite Jungs archetypes, persona and shadow, are very applicable in description Elyn Saks personality. Moreover, she also identified them in her book, but under different names. Persona, or the mask we present to the world, is designed to make a particular impression on others, while concealing our true nature. Elyns persona is Professor Saks, who represents herself to the society as structured and official high- achiever. One of Elyns shadows (the side of the personality, which she does not consciously display in public) is Lady of Charts, a woman diagnosed with schizophrenia, sometimes pinioned to the hospitals bed, disheveled and emaciated. Another shadow is Elyn, warm, sensitive, and strong women. This shadow is esponsible for keeping Lady of Charts far away in the closet, as well as for discouraging Professor Saks to take everything, including schizophrenia, under total control. During one of the therapeutic sessions, Elyns doctor, encouraged her to transfer Elyn from shadow status to persona status, by disclosing those three sides of her personality and advising to associate her Self with Elyn, more than with any other (Saks, 2003). The Theory of Erik Erikson Erikson was a Neo-Freudian (Friedman Schustack, 2003). He has been described as an ego psychologist studying the stages of development, spanning the entire lifespan. Each of Eriksons stages of psychosocial development is marked by a conflict, for which successful resolution will result in a favorable outcome, for example, trust vs. mistrust, and by an important event that this conflict resolves itself around, for example, meaning of ones life. Favorable outcomes of each stage are sometimes known as virtues (Erikson, 1963). Eriksons research suggests that each individual must learn how to hold both extremes of each specific life-stage challenge in tension with one another, not rejecting one end of the tension or the other. Only when both extremes in a lite-stage challenge are underst nd accepted as botn required and useful, the optimal virtue for that stage can surface (Bukatko Daehler, 2004). The Erikson life-stage virtues, in the order of the stages in which they may be acquired, are: (1) Trust vs. Mistrust, (2) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, (3) Initiative vs. Guilt (4) Industry vs. Inferiority, (5) Identity vs. Role Confusion, (6) Intimacy vs. Isolation, (7) Generatively vs. Stagnation, and (8) Ego Integrity vs. Despair. Elyn Saks from the Prospective of Erik Eriksons Theory I think Erik Eriksons theory of psychosocial development is useful in explaining Elyns ersonality. In my opinion, on the stages she has already gone through, she resolved most of the conflicts successfully. I believe on the first stage, during the first year of life, we can conclude that Elyn developed the trust and hope. She gained confidence and security in the world around her because her parents were loving, hardworking, and more often than not, kind (p. 11). In other words, her caregivers were reliable enough to provide her with the background that helped her trust the people around her (e. g. , her therapists) and not to give up in the battle with her mental illness. On he second stage, which takes place between age one and three, Elyn acquired autonomy and will. Assumingly, her parents did not criticize or overly control her, but rather gave Elyn the opportunity to assert herself by encouraging and supporting her increased independence. Due to this reason, she became more confident and secure in her own ability to survive in the world. She left parents home when she started college, and since then she was able to maintain her independence throughout her life in spite of the difficulties she faced. That developed a remarkable will in her personality, which is indicated in every aspect of her life (e. . , achievement in career, coping with schizophrenia symptoms, ability to delay gratification). On the third stage (age 3-6), Elyn resolved the conflict toward initiative and purpose. It can be inferred from her book that Elyns parents did not control her to the point of being excessive and criticize her own decisions. They were tolerant even to her little quirks (e. g. , aligning shoes Just right, or washing hands several times). As a consequence, Elyn developed a sense of initiative and the ability to lead others and make decisions. On the fourth stage (age 6 to puberty), Elyn developed the sense of ndustry. She was encouraged and reinforced for her accomplishments (e. g. , good grades), especially by her mom: Dad was not a praiser, so he never complimented anyone. But Mom did, and Warren [brother] and I competed for her attention (p. 15). It developed the feeling of confidence in her ability to achieve the goals, which played a crucial role in reaching her full potential. Her industry helped her to acquire the notable competence in different areas: philosophy, law, and mental illness. However, during her adolescent years, Elyn resolved the conflict of the fifth stage toward nfavorable outcome: role confusion. According to Erikson, during this period, adolescents explore possibilities and begin to form their own identity based upon the outcome of their explorations. Elyns explorations that started in Mexico led to the drug use, and her parents did not want her to explore in this direction. After she stated that if she wanted to use pot, she would, and there is not much you can do about it (p. 25), her parents sent her to rehabilitation center. She had to conform. As a result, she had difficulty to answer such questions as Who am l? How do I fit in? Where am I going in life? As a result, took her many years before she settled down in the protessional aspect: tirst sne got ner degree in philosophy, and only atterwards she realized that she wants to go to law school. On the sixth stage, which starts in young adulthood, Elyn acquired the sense of intimacy and love. She developed many long-term close friend relationships. Although, she did not settle down in young adulthood because she still was in school, as soon as she acquired a tenure (middle adulthood), she made a long-term commitment with her husband, Will. Currently, Elyn is on the seventh stage of her psychosocial development. During this stage the measures of accomplishments and failures takes place. I can make the prognosis that Elyn will solve the conflict on this stage toward the favorable outcome, generatively. She has achieved a lot in her career; she is settled in the relationships; she published a book that helped thousands of people; she is still learning a lot (the attendance of the school of psychoanalysis). In my opinion, there are no indications for her settling with stagnation. Similarly, I would predict favorable outcome (Ego- Integrity) on the eight stage of Elyns life. However, she still has it ahead of her. The Theory of Hans Eysenck Eysencks theory is based primarily on physiology and genetics (Friedman Schustack, 2003). Although he is a behaviorist who considers learned habits of great importance, he considers personality differences as growing out of our genetic inheritance. He is, therefore, primarily interested in what is usually called temperament. Eysencks original research found three main dimensions of temperament: neuroticism, extraversion-introversion, and psycoticism. Neuroticism is the factor that Eysenck determined encompassed people who are calm and collected to those who are high strung or nervous. A primary example of this is a persons response to emergencies. Some people are calm and able to deal with things, some are fearful and emotional, and some are terrified by even minor incidence. Eysenck hypothesized that explanation to this might be that neurotic people have a more responsive sympathetic nervous system than others. The introversion-extroversion concept includes the idea that extroverts have a relatively low brain arousal, and so they seek stimulation. Introverts, on the other hand, are thought to have a higher level of central nervous system arousal, and so they tend to shy away from timulating social environments. Psychoticism includes the tendency toward a psychopathology, involving impulsivity and cruelty, tough-mindedness, and shrewdness. High psychoticism does not mean a person is psychotic or doomed to become so. According to Eysenck, he/she exhibits some qualities commonly found among psychotics, and may be more susceptible, given certain environments, to becoming psychotic. The qualities found in high psychoticistic people include certain recklessness, a disregard for common sense or conventions, and a degree of inappropriate emotional expression (Friedman Schustack, 2003). Elyn Saks from the Prospective of Hans Eysencks Theory In my opinion, only a part of Hans Eysencks Theory explains the personality of Elyn Saks. I would identify her as highly neurotic and introvert, but, perhaps, surprisingly, I am hesitant to call her psychotistic. I think Elyn is definitely neuroticistic and introverted. Eysenck identified that people with obsessive-compulsive disorders and phobias tended to be high on neuroticism and introversion (Eysenck, 1967). He explained it by hypothesizing that highly neuroticistic people over-respond to fearful stimuli. It hey are introverts, they will learn to avoid the situations that cause panic very quickly and very thoroughly, even to the point of becoming panicky at small indications of those situations. In one of her interviews, Elyn confessed: l was fearful. I had some phobias. I had some obsessions. I had some kind of intense fears (Saks, 2008). It is confirmed in her book (Saks, 2007). For example, in the childhood she could not leave her room unless her shoes were all lined up, she could not go to sleep until her books were organized Just so (p. 11), and she had to wash her hand sometimes two or three times. Also, she had some irrational fears (similar to the fear of bogyman) much longer than other children. Evaluating Elyn on the third dimension of Eysencks model, psychoticism, I tend to think of her personality as of non-psychotistic. Although Elyn is schizophrenic and has lots of psychotic episodes, which sometimes include even homicide ideation, it is unjustifiable to call her personality psychoticistic. Eysenck attributes to those people such qualities as impulsivity, cruelty, and tough-mindedness, which are Just the opposite of the Elyns personality most of the time, while she is stable and non-psychotic (Friedman Schustack, 2003). This controversial situation proves once more that our psyche is very complex, and it is difficult to differentiate some of its aspects. The Theory of Gordon Allport Allport is known as a trait psychologist. He argued that some characteristics of human personality are shared (he termed these common traits) and some are peculiar to the individual (he termed those personal dispositions). Personal dispositions that exercise an overwhelming influence on behavior are called cardinal dispositions. Personal dispositions that are the basic building blocks that shape most f our behavior (although they are not as overwhelming as cardinal traits) are called central traits. Central traits are general characteristic found in some degree in every person. An example of a central trait would be honesty (Friedman Schustack, 2003). Elyn Saks from the Prospective of Gordon Allports Theory Theory of Gordon Allport does a very good Job in explaining Elyns personality due to the fact that Allport concentrated on the uniqueness of personality (Friedman Schustack, 2003). Cardinal disposition of Elyn Saks can probably be assigned to her being a highly functioning person with schizophrenia (Saks, 2007). Her central dispositions are probably constant seeking of knowledge and striving for the control over ones life. Also, such common traits as desire for success and achievement- motivation are explicit in Elyns personality. The Theory of Burrhus Frederick Skinner Skinners concept of operant conditioning assumes that the behavior that is reinforced is more likely to be repeated in the future, and less likely to be repeated if punished. Skinner argued that responses shaped by environmental consequences, taken together, are what we call personality. He emphasized that environment is of rimary importance even in hereditary characteristics. According to Skinner, psychopathology is learned in the same manner as all other behaviors: the adaptive or maladaptive behavior is learned by reinforcement (Friedman Schustack, 2003). Elyn Saks from the Prospective of B. F. Skinners Theory In my opinion, Skinners theory explains some aspects of personality (behavior) of Elyn Saks, while some of the concepts I find not to be applicable. I think Elyns achievement-motivation can be explained by the fact that she was reinforced from the early child by ner parents to attain goals, such as good grades (Saks Also, her desire for control over her life is probably quite conditioned. Her parents, as well as people at rehabilitation center, praised her for being in control. For example, while being a teenager, she lost a lot of weight by controlling her diet. Her parents wanted her to put the weight back on, and they could do it only by challenging her to prove that she is in control (p. 6). After she came back to her normal weight, they stopped reprimanding her, which is the example of negative reinforcement. However, Skinners explanation of psychopathology, in my opinion, does not fit Elyn. Skinner claimed that people with mental problems have either not learned the appropriate response and have a behavioral deficit, or they have learned the wrong response. Thus the treatment for mental illness is to create environmental se ttings that reward desirable behavior (Friedman Schustack, 2003). Although, this approach works quite well for children with cognitive and emotional disabilities, I think it does not in case of schizophrenia. It is widely known that schizophrenia is a brain disorder, not a learned behavior, and general clinical practice, as well as Elyns personal example, proves it. The Theory of Albert Bandura The main concept of Banduras theory is observational learning, or vicarious learning, which is also called modeling because a person forms himself or herself in the image of another. Bandura theorized mechanisms by which people can learn simply by watching others perform a behavior. They learn without performing the behavior themselves and without being directly rewarded or punished for the behavior (Friedman Schustack, 2003). Elyn Saks from the Prospective of Albert Banduras Theory In my opinion, it is almost impossible to explain Elyn Saks personality by Albert Banduras theory, using the references I possess. None of them provide information about her using a model for any type of Elyns behavior. Describing her childhood, she does not refer to anybody, even her parents, as a role model. I guess she was learning primary through operant conditioning than through observational learning. The Theory of Abraham Maslow Abraham MasloWs name is strongly associated with the hierarchy of needs (Friedman Schustack, 2003). His hierarchy includes: physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization motives. Maslow emphasized the importance of self-actualization, or the innate process by hich one tends to grow spiritual and realize ones potential (Friedman Schustack, 2003). Elyn Saks from the Prospective of Abraham MasloWs Theory From the MasloWs view point, Elyn most likely would be defined as self-actualized person. Self-actualized people tend to be independent, resist social pressures, and freedom-loving, and have a high need for privacy (Friedman Schustack, 2003). Elyn fits all of those definitions, in my opinion. She went through the process of establishing herself as a whole person and developed the abilities to understand herself. As a result, she self-actualized herself in her career. At University of Southern California, she throws herself into writing and spends nearly every waking hour in her crowded office in the law school. Since her arrival at USC, she has been among the schools most productive and respected scholarly writers (University of Southern California Faculty Directory, 2008). Furthermore, the main aspect of her self- actualization is the desire to help other people witn mental illness and their tamilies. During the presentation of her book, she states: l wanted to write this book to give hope to people who suffer from schizophrenia and understanding to people who ont hope this story will help implode the myths that surround mental illness. Moreover, revealing her secret, she realized that her hard-earned career could come crashing down. A colleague suggested that Saks write under a pseudonym. But Elyn refused to that because that would send the wrong message, as she explained (Saks, 2008). Elyn, her colleague reasoned, do you want to be known as a schizophrenic with a Job? And she did have her doubts, because even while properly medicated, she still harbors several irrational thoughts each day, but she manages to dismiss the obsessions. However, she published her book, and now it gets wonderful reviews from prestigious publishers, doctors, as well as patients and their families, whom this book gave a real hope. Summary Elyn R. Saks, training to be a psychoanalyst, specializes in mental health law, criminal law, and children and the law. Her recent research focused on ethical dimensions of psychiatric research and forced treatment of the mentally ill. She also teaches at the Institute of Psychiatry and the Law at the Keck School of Medicine at USC and is an adjunct professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego. In her capacity as associate dean, Dean Saks oversees research and grants at USC Law. Before Joining the USC Law faculty in 1989, Dean Saks was an attorney in Connecticut and instructor at the University of Bridgeport School of Law. She graduated summa cum laude from Vanderbilt University before earning her master of letters from Oxford University and her J. D. from Yale Law School, where she also edited the Yale Law Journal. To analyze her personality, it was beneficial to look at it from the many theoretical perspectives provided by personality psychology. These approaches

Learn the History of the Swastika

Learn the History of the Swastika The swastika is an extremely powerful symbol. The Nazis used it to murder millions of people during the Holocaust, but for centuries it had positive meanings. What is the history of the swastika? Does it now represent good or evil? The Oldest Known Symbol The swastika is an ancient symbol that has been used for over 3,000 years. (That even predates the ancient Egyptian symbol, the Ankh!) Artifacts such as pottery and coins from ancient Troy show that the swastika was a commonly used symbol as far back as 1000 BCE. Nigel Hicks / Getty Images During the following thousand years, the image of the swastika was used by many cultures around the world, including in China, Japan, India, and southern Europe. By the Middle Ages, the swastika was a well known, if not commonly used, symbol, but was called by many different names: China - wanEngland - fylfotGermany - HakenkreuzGreece - tetraskelion and gammadionIndia - swastika Though it is not known for exactly how long, Native Americans also have long used the symbol of the swastika. The Original Meaning The word swastika comes from the Sanskrit svastika: su meaning good, asti meaning to be, and ka as a suffix. Until the Nazis used this symbol, the swastika was used by many cultures throughout the past 3,000 years to represent life, sun, power, strength, and good luck. Even in the early twentieth century, the swastika was still a symbol with positive connotations. For instance, the swastika was a common decoration that often adorned cigarette cases, postcards, coins, and buildings. During World War I, the swastika could even be found on the shoulder patches of the American 45th Division and on the Finnish air force until after World War II. A Change in Meaning In the 1800s, countries around Germany were growing much larger, forming empires; yet Germany was not a unified country until 1871. To counter the feeling of vulnerability and the stigma of youth, German nationalists in the mid-nineteenth century began to use the swastika, because it had ancient Aryan/Indian origins, to represent a long Germanic/Aryan history. By the end of the nineteenth century, the swastika could be found on nationalist German volkisch periodicals and was the official emblem of the German Gymnasts League. In the beginning of the twentieth century, the swastika was a common symbol of German nationalism and could be found in a multitude of places such as the emblem for the Wandervogel, a German youth movement; on Joerg Lanz von Liebenfels antisemitic periodical Ostara; on various Freikorps units; and as an emblem of the Thule Society. Hitler and the Nazis Heinrich Hoffmann / Getty Images In 1920, Adolf Hitler decided that the Nazi Party needed its own insignia and flag. For Hitler, the new flag had to be a symbol of our own struggle as well as highly effective as a poster. (Mein Kampf, pg. 495) On August 7, 1920, at the Salzburg Congress, the red flag with a white circle and black swastika became the official emblem of the Nazi Party. Hulton Archive / Getty Images In Mein Kampf, Hitler described the Nazis new flag: In red we see the social idea of the movement, in white the nationalistic idea, in the swastika the mission of the struggle for the victory of the Aryan man, and, by the same token, the victory of the idea of creative work, which as such always has been and always will be anti-Semitic. (pg. 496-497) Because of the Nazis flag, the swastika soon became a symbol of hate, antisemitism, violence, death, and murder. What Does the Swastika Mean Now? There is a great debate as to what the swastika means now. For 3,000 years, the swastika meant life and good luck. But because of the Nazis, it has also taken on a meaning of death and hate. These conflicting meanings are causing problems in todays society. For Buddhists and Hindus, the swastika is a very religious symbol that is commonly used. Chirag Badlani shares a story about one time when he went to make some photocopies of some Hindu Gods for his temple. While standing in line to pay for the photocopies, some people behind him in line noticed that one of the pictures had a swastika. They called him a Nazi. Unfortunately, the Nazis were so effective at their use of the swastika emblem, that many do not even know any other meaning for the swastika. Can there be two completely opposite meanings for one symbol? Does the Direction of the Swastika Matter? In ancient times, the direction of the swastika was interchangeable, as can be seen on an ancient Chinese silk drawing. Glenn Waters in Japan / Getty Images Some cultures in the past had differentiated between the clockwise swastika and the counter-clockwise sauvastika. In these cultures, the swastika symbolized health and life while the sauvastika took on a mystical meaning of bad-luck or misfortune. Italian summer camp forming group backwards swastika. Â  De Agostini / Foto Studio Leoni / Getty Images But since the Nazis use of the swastika, some people are trying to differentiate the two meanings of the swastika by varying its direction- trying to make the clockwise, Nazi version of the swastika mean hate and death, while the counter-clockwise version would hold the ancient meaning of the symbol, life, and good luck.

Writing You Can Sell on Etsy

Writing You Can Sell on Etsy For many writers, writing is not just a way to pay the bills, but also a craft and an art form. What better way to pay bills more effectively than marketing that craft and art on Etsy, the e-commerce website dedicated to crafters and artists? As a sales platform, Etsy promotes unique craft and vintage items, and good writers can offer a range of products suitable for this marketplace without needing to be experts at handicrafts or antiquing. Written crafts that can be sold on Etsy include: Customized Letters: Letters from Santa are the most popular, but other customized letters from fictional fairies and holiday characters can also sell reasonably well. Offer personalization in each letter and use colorful stationery and fonts for more appeal. Take care to avoid copyrighted items, however, such as mascots or other trademarked characters. Poetry: A thoughtful poem can be an ideal gift when paired with an inspirational or related photograph, and writers can team up with photographers to offer unique items. Other poetry options include customized cards or verses for use with weddings or memorials. Toasts: Like poetry, personalized toasts are ideal crafts that writers are in a unique position to offer. A few detailed questions can offer enough personal insight for a thoughtful and creative toast perfect for a wedding, job promotion, new ba Templates: Writers often create custom newsletter, brochure or other templates for clients, and selling customized templates on Etsy can be lucrative. Theme templates for different types of craft-oriented businesses and offer writing services along with the template for even more sales, but be sure not to offer templates that are already in use Resumes: Resume writing can be big business, and experienced resume writers can offer their craft at reasonable prices through this online marketplace. Just like templates, the resumes should be personalized and finely customized to suit each clients needs, and different general themes can be offered for different sales. Books: Novelists and book authors can take advantage of Etsy Getting started on Etsy does take a financial commitment, just as writing requires you to purchase office supplies, business cards and other equipment. Registering and buying on Etsy are free, but selling items costs $.20 per listing (listings last four months or until the item sells, whichever is first), plus a 3.5% fee on the sales price. Those costs are easy business deductions, however, and can quickly be covered with profits from individual sales. When you make your first sale, the potential profits dont stop with just the one item youve sold. Enclose a business card or promotional bookmark with each package, and include your website or blog information with every listing. Slowly but surely you will build a unique platform for your writing and will advertise your business to an unusual but no less profitable niche of customers and clients.

Lab report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Lab Report Example However, severe malfunction of the heart and the nervous system can be caused by significant excess of the elements in the body. Abnormally high or low levels of sodium or potassium can be caused by excess use of diuretic drugs, poor diet or impaired kidney function. These conditions may lead to nausea, seizures, lethargy, irregular heartbeat, coma and even death in severe cases. Although cases of deliberate poisoning using sodium and potassium, they are readily and widely available in a salt form. Potassium chloride solution can be administered through intravenous injection and have been used in euthanasia and political assassinations. Sodium and potassium levels can be monitored using flame photometry. The analytical technique is a simple form of atomic spectroscopy that depends on the atomic emission process. The solution of the sample is drawn into a flame which is sufficiently hot to cause atomization and electronic excitation of certain elements. They emit visible radiation at wavelengths that are specific to that element as the atoms return to their ground state. The radiation is isolated by an appropriate filter and converted to an electrical current that is proportional to the intensity of the emitted radiation therefore determining the concentration of the element. Flame photometers are relatively cheap and portable but can only determine alkaline and alkaline earth metals such as sodium, potassium, lithium barium and lithium (Chawla, 2003). This experiment is aimed to measure the concentrations of sodium and potassium by use of flame photometry in a range of samples in connection to fictitious criminal investigation. An 18 month old infant, Master Nathaniel Carbuncle, was admitted to a hospital intensive care unit suffering from nausea and fatigue, a slow heartbeat and weak pulse. The child was found to have an abnormal blood electrolyte

5000 words report for a business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

5000 words report for a business plan - Essay Example This includes both a secondary as well as primary research of the markets. Based on this, the plan has been set out. A through plan including the finances, human resources, operations and also the management has been developed. The appendix includes the forecasted financial statements of the company as well. Galleries and art exhibitions have a wide appeal to all age groups and especially to those in the 35-44 age groups, in Australia. There are a total of 160 art galleries in Australia as of June 2004. Most of these are located in New South Wales. The distribution of galleries is as follows, a) New South Wales – 31.1%, b) Victoria – 21.5%, c) Queensland – 17.5%. These form the most famous states in Australia in terms of the art market. Australia has become a dynamic country in today’s art market and stands just behind UK and it is one of the dominant forces in the worlds contemporary art market. With financial objectivity fast replacing the anecdotal concerns of art, major Australian banks and pension funds are gearing up to invest between one percent and three percent of their value in artworks as a hedging measure. For all the above, our company has decided to take the challenge and penetrate the art market and establish a strong foothold in the industry and gain a major market share of this highly profitable sector. â€Å"Our mission is to maintain our reputation as an energetic, outgoing and accessible art gallery in Australia that inspire, interest and sell art work to an increasingly diverse audience and collectors. Not only do we have classified ourselves as a gallery but also as a brand in selling out artwork and products. We aim to acquire, collect and present to our customer the finest works of art available on the market scene in a variety of media and concepts as well as supplying art materials to our customers.† â€Å"Our vision is to expand our business into promoting a

High school Essay Example for Free

High school Essay I’m one of this people that will take every single opportunity from every chance I take, so I can make the whole journey worth it. Becoming a Global Intern is a one life opportunity that can change your whole life to better. This will allow you to see new directions, new point views, new experiences. It’s a way for you to get to see the world, to explore it, to meet different cultures, which can help you build your own personality and even make you a better person. Since I was in Elementary School I wanted to go to the United States. Finally, in 2012, there I was, realizing my dream. After that, I realized that it wasn’t only the USA that passionate me, it was the feeling of traveling, the feeling of exploring somewhere new, being able to learn new things, to be free, to have more knowledge. And that’s what I want for my life, I want to be able to get to know every single spot on this world, I want to learn new languages, and help those people around the world. I also have this huge desire to go to a college aboard, it’d be something that I could never experience in my own country. One of my dream professions is to become a doctor, because when you help a patient, you are not only helping their life, you’re saving their families happiness. When you’re helping a kid in their last few days to smile, this is an unique feeling, in this way I look up for this beautiful career. However, since I was little I wanted to become an actress, I’m addicted to movies, especially those that bring hope in your life, those that have a message after all. It’s a way I can express myself, I can play a role every day and this makes me learn different subjects. Three years ago, you would give up hope in this world, but there are still people that are trying to make a difference, trying to help it to survive. There were and there are many influent people and I want to become one of them. Becoming a global intern will be my chance to find myself and to do what I love most and I truly hope that it becomes reality because you can only find out what is possible if you never give up.

A Morbid Taste for Bones, by Ellis Peters, and Favorite Father Brown St

Think nothing exciting ever happens in the life of a clergyman? These two thrilling books, A Morbid Taste for Bones, by Ellis Peters, and Favorite Father Brown Stories, by G.K. Chesterton, may make you reassess that presupposition. Favorite Father Brown Stories concerns an English priest named Brown who lives in 19th century England, and takes on various odd cases that come his way in everyday life. Alternately, A Morbid Taste for Bones concerns an older monk named Brother Cadfael who lives in the middle ages, and is caught in the middle of the murder of a farmer in a small village. Desperately, he tries to figure out who murdered the man, to appease the farmer’s livid daughter Sioned. Since both Brown and Cadfael are of the priesthood, it is fascinating comparing the two characters and seeing how they are similar, and how they are different. Particularly, they contrast in terms of the time and setting they live in, and also in their methods of solving cases, but they are simi lar in how they both share the same view that man is a depraved being, capable of both great virtue and terrible evil. One thing that separates the two characters of Father Brown and Brother Cadfael is the world that the two men live in, which is separated by several centuries of time and a seemingly different reality. For instance, Brown lives in the very down to earth, highly materialistic world of 1800’s England. In all of his stories, there seem to be very little, if any, reference to the supernatural. Actually, in one Brown story, â€Å"The Salad of Colonel Cray†, when a colonel suspects that he was placed under a curse by the head of a cult because of odd occurrences such as being slightly touched and having blood run down his neck violently, Brown ends... ...dfael lives in the mysterious times of the Middle Ages in Europe. Also, there is the fact that Brown is more of an introverted thinker, who keeps to himself until he has finally solved the mysterious cases surrounding him. Meanwhile, Brother Cadfael verbally processes and goes through his cases with those he can trust. But the thing that connects the two members of priesthood together is the fact that they both share a common view of man: that he is capable of good, but just as capable, and prone, to injustice, and iniquity. But these two sleuthing priests try to ensure that no injustice goes unnoticed when they are around, and that is what makes these books a joy to read. Works Cited Chesterton, G.K. Favorite Father Brown Stories. New York; Dover Publications, Inc. Print. 1993. Peters, Ellis. A Morbid Taste for Bones. New York; The Mysterious Press. Print. 1977

Do It Yourself Natural Beauty Tips

Having beautiful skin, complexion and body involves eating healthy and right Some of the best beauty treatment and solutions are simple foods found in our kitchen or grocery stores. These foods are easily available and cheap as you can buy them during your marketing trip. The best about natural foods is that these foods do not contain preservatives, chemicals or irritant fragrances present in many commercial brands products.These natural food can be used for natural remedies and improve our body overall health. These foods also provide a quick beauty fix routine at the comfort of your home. Simply grab one of these foods from your fridge and start your health and beauty treatment immediately. * To be on the safe side, it is suggested that you patch test these foods to check for any allergic reaction before spreading them over your face and skin. Steep a pair of Earl Grey teabags in boiling water, run them under a tap and place over eyes for 10 minutes before night out. Use four bags of chamomile tea.Leave them to steep for 5 minutes then hold your face over the bowl. Freeze cooled chamomile tea in an ice-cube tray. When set, remove cubes and run over your face. Soak some gauze in cooled green tea and apply on skin the way you would a toner. OLIVE OIL Heat a cup of olive oil in the microwave for a few seconds. Massage onto dry areas of your skin. Heat enough olive oil to fill half a small clothes basin. Soak your hands in the oil for about 10 minutes, followed by the feet. Use it as a conditioner by leaving warmed olive oil on your hair for 15 minutes before shampoo.Remove all traces of cascara by dipping an overused mascara wand into some olive oil and use it to apply on your lashes the way you would mascara. Chop up a cucumber and drizzle a few drops of lemon Juice in the mixture. Apply on your face. Soothe tired eyes by cutting two rounds and place them on the eyelids. Rub down hot skin with a mixture of chopped cucumber, olive oil and plain yoghurt. LEMON Fo r sparkling teeth, mix one teaspoon of fresh lemon Juice with one teaspoon of bicarbonate of soda and half teaspoon of salt. Use like toothpaste – once a week.Lighten the skin and smoothen rough edges of elbows and knees. Cut a lemon into two halves and rest your elbows in each half for 15 minutes. Or squeeze Juice of lemon and apply on your knees. TOMATO Peel a tomato and chop it finely before spreading on face. Work as an effective cleanser and gentle astringent to tighten pores. Squeeze Juice of an orange and mix with a tablespoon of plain yoghurt. Apply on face, avoiding the eye area. Rinse off after 10 minutes and splash face with cold water. POTATOES A great way to get rid of dark underage circles. Run a large potato in a blender.Squeeze the pulp to get rid of excess Juice and form two patties from it. Place the patties over your eyes and keep them there for 10 minutes. APRICOTS Pound the kernel and add body lotion to blend into smooth paste. Use it as a gentle exfoliat ed for face. Note the pip is the rough â€Å"seed† and the ivory kernel is what you need when split open the pip. MAYONNAISE Massage mayonnaise into your hair after shampoo. Leave it on for a few minutes before rinse off. You can also use mayonnaise as a lip mask. Leave it on for 10 minutes before removing with cold water.AVOCADOS Mash a ripe one and use it as a facial mask; rinse off after 10 minutes. To get rid of puffy eyes; use a linen cloth, make a â€Å"moneybag† filled with mashed avocado. Dab it gently on eyes. GINGER Chop ginger and mix it with body lotion for a facial scrub. Avoid the sensitive eye MILK Soak a cotton pad with cool fresh milk and press it gently all over your face. Besides protein to feed your face, it gets rid of dirt thoroughly. Chill a cup of milk in the fridge before pouring the contents into a clothes spray. Use it like a sprinter over inflamed skin.Warm a bowl of milk in the microwave for half a minute and pour contents into a clothes ba sin. Soak your feet for half an hour and then give tit good hard brush to remove dead skin. Mix two teaspoons of turmeric powder and one teaspoon of honey with Just enough warm water to make a thick paste. Spread the mixture all over your face and leave it on for 15 to 20 minutes. Rinse off with water. For a three-in-one pre-bath treatment; blend two tablespoons of brown sugar with one teaspoon of fresh lemon Juice and two to three drops of olive oil.Rub the paste over rough areas like the knees and elbows. Citric IAC d trot the lemon unclogs the ores, skin-polishing sugar gets rid of surface dirt and olive oil moisture the skin. Run about 10 unripe cherries in a blender. Mix the Juice with a tablespoon of dry oatmeal and use as a five-minute facial mask. For the body; mix cherry Juice with a tablespoon of sea salt and massage over damp Dilute one tablespoon of honey with one teaspoon of water then heat it in the microwave for 10 seconds. When it's cooled, apply on your lips and lea ve for 10 minutes.To dry out pimples, pour out a teaspoon of honey into a bowl. Dip a cotton bud into the honey and apply on the spots. For a temporary facilitate, use Just the eight. Mix it with a tablespoon of honey and spread over face and throat in an upward motion. Leave on for 15 minutes and rinse off with warm water. Whisk egg yolk with a tablespoon of olive oil and leave on your hair for a few minutes before your shampoo. It makes a great hair conditioner. Mash half a ripe papaya with two teaspoons of honey.Apply to areas of face that are prone to wrinkles such as between the brows and along the sides of the nose. Leave on it for 10 minutes. Recommend below are the secret recipe for healthy drinking. Carrot + Ginger + Apple ; Boost and cleanse our system. Apple + Cucumber + Celery ; Prevent cancer, reduce cholesterol, and improve stomach upset and headache. Tomato + Carrot + Apple ; Improve skin complexion and bad breath. Bitter gourd + Apple + Milk ; Avoid bad breath and re duce internal body heat.

Admission Essay for Counseling Psychology Program

My country, Serbia, underwent a period of terror and wars, especially during the NATO Bombing in 1999. This marking event in our history taught me more than what my formal education could. Before this disaster struck, I was a full-time student and the University of Pristina majoring in English Language and Literature. During the high of political upheavals, the situation in Kosovo was already tense.Minorities had constant provocations, and hatred had a firm imprint on the people. My life was heavily influenced, as well as my education. I had experienced first hand what it means to be â€Å"persona non grate† in the your childhood community.I wished everyone could understand what this meant for all of us, regardless of who we were and where we came from. Being prosecuted and not having the right to enjoy our college days was a sour memory, but something I live by as a source of my strength. I experienced biases and prejudice, yet I stand firm.I was treated badly, but my dreams never blurred from my sight. I was emotionally affected, but I was more inspired to pursue these dreams, and become a counselor. Freedom in this country was taken for granted, and our college life overlooked.The war made it necessary for me to leave Pristina and Kosovo. Shocked and scared, I came back to a home where fires, bombings and NATO planes assailed my daily itinerary. The screeching sirens did not help our situation. It seemed that we merely waited for the bomb to drop on our heads and defy us from mere existence.During all the madness, I tried to suppress my stress by being optimistic for my family and friends.   As a child, I have been my family's â€Å"corrupter of words†, as I've always seen myself as one of Shakespeare’s fools. My mom always pointed out my ability to rearrange words and it's meanings to create a personal â€Å"philosophical† statement.I would often add humor when the our lives would seem bland, other times when we feel the panic crawling through our bones, and fear completely etching our faces. The bombings taught us this.As you watch the planes every day, you'd get to realize that there are things you can do as not to be so stressed. Since we could not prevent the many disasters in our lives, we can re-frame the fear and pain to something more positive. The idea was to live your life as normally as possible, by teaching yourself to be blind of some of the negative events in our lives.It wasn't all that bad during those terrifying days. There were positive outcomes as well, like in social gatherings where the unique humor and spirit in my culture gave me a good faith and optimism to survive next days. If I couldn’t eliminate stress by changing or ignoring the situation, the least I could do was offer social support.My profound interest in teaching English to people of different languages didn’t falter due to the war. It allowed me to complete my education on time, and start my career as an Eng lish teacher. In the classroom, it is particularly important for me to understand the point of view of the student, and use humor and real-life situations to get my points across.I developed my interest in researching about language through my undergraduate studies. My greater interest is on how sociocultural factors have an impact on the awareness, design, implementation, and assessment of a second language in a multicultural community, in comparison to those in culturally homogeneous communities.ESL classes in Serbia were more British oriented, both in linguistics and culture. As a young teacher, I have always been open to new teaching methods. I also tried to add novelties into the curriculum. My decision to spend a year in the United States was supported by my desire to learn more about the American culture.I believe this will broaden my perspectives on cultural diversity and different systems of education. Furthermore, this will heighten my personal and professional development . I can say that life can be very unpredictable because my one year visit become a life of adventure and possibilities by studying psychology.You would know if you are experiencing life if the wind pushes you in all directions. My senses were surrounded with uncertainty as I involved myself in a different culture. I knew how it felt to be a little fish in a big pond. Being an international student from Eastern Europe did not prepare me for the many interesting things a new country can offer me.The initial knowledge gained from textbooks, and the places I've traveled to see, were put to waste as I stepped onto unknown territory. I felt helpless, and wanted desperately to go home. I could have been with my family, a cup of cappuccino and the newspaper within my grasps. However, even though I experienced culture shock, I believe hands-on education is still the best teacher.Soon after arriving in a new country, I was caught between my old values from my native culture, and the new value s of the host culture. I was pressured to adapt in order to survive. Adjusting to a new culture, new system, and new life, was not an easy task. But my ability to adapt allowed me to face any obstacle. My goals were always set whenever I face any challenge. I never let my self-esteem falter.I love to feel challenged because it makes me work twice as hard. I proved this by obtaining my second undergraduate degree (BA in Liberal Arts/Psychology) and graduating with the highest honors.   I always tried to reach for the stars.   But the opposite side of the coin is nostalgia. Something that is present when I am working, studying, eating, and even when sleeping.Being an international student among fellow foreigners in the US made me realize how much social support and understanding was necessary to challenge and achieve academically in other countries. By considering the problems students have in the US, and by developing different approaches and solutions, I believe I can be a great counselor in a multicultural world. Just by the thought of it made me eager to learn more, and increase the repertoire of counseling styles and skills alongside others.During my senior year of college, I conducted an extensive literature review on â€Å"psychosocial adjustment issues of international students and the need for social support†. I refined my research skills in data analysis using SPSS, as well as my ability to present my findings in the manner of an accepted professional research paper.I enjoyed conducting the literature review the most, approaching it as a scavenger hunt and considering the quantity and quality of information found as my reward. This project, along with my other undergraduate studies, prepared me for the rigors of graduate study and the parameters of successful research. Professional experiences, research, and undergraduate courses at Menlo College have further stimulated my interest in psychology and reinforced my conviction that I am well su ited to the field.Although these varied research experiences have provided me with fundamental skills, I still feel the need for more training. In retrospect, college was one of the most stimulating periods in my life, and I found tremendous determination to achieve my goal of helping others through the study of psychology.Looking from the prospective of a student gave me more retrospection on my teaching profession, which I love so much.   However, life is an intriguing railroad with many stations.   Some of those stations I got off at were good experiences and some bad. But over all, it has been a journey that continues on.Helping others reach their goals, having a positive attitude, and dedicating both personal and professional growth were the traits I held when I entered Menlo College.   They remain as an integral part of my work ethic today.My international student experience, and many research projects, have helped me achieve a theoretical foundation for the important wo rk of helping students succeed in college. We must have an understanding and compassion for diverse student populations. I learned this from the years of teaching experience. Furthermore, I am able to demonstrate my strengths and abilities to relate effectively with individuals from all levels and cultural backgrounds.These experiences have not only taught me valuable lessons about student life, but have also reinforced my interest in pursuing my career in counseling psychology. Graduate school will enable me to develop vital research and counseling skills, and the solid academic background that I need to be a successful counselor and researcher.A master's program in counseling psychology will not only cultivate and refine my involvement in research, but also equip me to deal with the challenges of an MS program. The combination of MFT and my counseling degree will enable me to fulfill my career aspirations and passion for helping students in need. Furthermore, I can prepare myself in facing the complexity of psychotherapy and unpredictability when dealing with emotional issues of individuals and their families.I have all the traits needed to be a good counselor. Undoubtedly, my devotion to my education will be the greatest asset of all. Being able to successfully help   individuals in the future will be my greatest reward for the effort and investment I will put myself into

What to Do If Your College Friend Is Bullied

What to Do If Your College Friend Is Bullied In this article we’re going to take a look at some â€Å"safe plays† you can depend on should a bullying issue come up with someone you’re close to. These days it’s no joke. Our point here is to make sure you’re informed and you can cover your freaking ass as well. And, with that said let’s get right to it. 1 Examine Whether It’s an Isolated Incident or an Issue Honestly, saying the word â€Å"bully† these days on campus is like saying â€Å"bomb† on an airplane. People don’t just go throwing it around or jumping to conclusions. If your friend hasn’t been roughed up physically, then take the time to evaluate the matter closely. Was is coincidental or situational in nature? Is it likely to happen again, or has it been going on for a while? Is your friend overreacting†¦honestly? Furthermore, the last thing you want to do is to cause a bunch of drama or potentially label someone a bully only to find out that it was all just a big misunderstanding. And secondly, people today need to be a little more resilient. Sometimes these situations are points in the road that define our characters. Confrontations, if they don’t get violent, are a part of life. If it’s an issue, confront your friend about it. If a serious physical, emotional, psychological or verbal abuse is taking place, then you need to confront not the bully, but your friend about it. What’s up? How long has this been going on? How serious is it? Why haven’t they stood up for themselves yet, or if they have, why haven’t they sought help up to this point? Let’s be honest, many times it’s the weaker that get picked on. Weaker in many different senses of the word, not just physically. This type of treatment wears down on us and takes its toll, especially when we’re younger. 2 Figure Out If It’s Possible to Confront the Bully Without Making Things Worse No, you shouldn’t â€Å"confront† anyone on a social media channel. That’s just downright childish. Confrontations should ideally happen in controlled and safe or public environments where a physical encounter (otherwise known as big trouble) can be avoided. Is it possible to simply confront this person and in the matter of fact ask, â€Å"Why are you bullying me/my friend?† Put them on the spot. Don’t be afraid to confront them publically if they are indeed a bully and no one has had the guts to do it yet. Oftentimes this can be the wakeup call that â€Å"bullies† which are human being too, need. But, if it’s likely to cause trouble or just doesn’t seem like the smart play then avoid the person or group and skip to the next strategy. There’s no reason to put your or your friends safety at risk. If the goal is revenge, or is anger-based then step back and take a deep breath. These days is this really something you want to risk? Colleges are deathly afraid of bad press, and bullying is a paramount issue that no colleges want to be attached to. 3 Take Advantage of Any College Mediation Counselors or Services Chances are your college has mediation counselors and services that can pretty much take care of the situation for you. They’ll arrange the confrontation in a highly controlled environment. 9 times out of 10 mediation services get things worked out without more trouble. And, there’s absolutely no shame in turning to them. Again, â€Å"bullying† is like kryptonite. Everyone wants to avoid it. These people are trained to solve problems. If you’re a freshmen or sophomore living in dorms there’s probably a mediation counselor for your dorm. Regardless, the perpetrator will know afterwards that they’re on watch and their college career is now â€Å"on the radar† so make sure that contacting mediation services is warranted. 4 Don’t Even Think About Retaliating in a Way That Will Create a Much Bigger Problem To be blunt, the cops could so easily get involved and if they do then you’re in for some serious trouble if you’re a part of the shenanigans. And here’s the elephant in the room: school shootings. The sad fact is that they’re way too common these days they’re oftentimes connected to some form of bullying. No one’s saying you’ll do anything like that, but if you or your friend start talking tough or saying retarded things about retaliating someone is likely to take you at your word, call the cops and you could have a full-on swat team invade your dorm room. This is serious! Don’t retaliate. Be an adult and do things the right way. And, if your friend is out looking for trouble that could jeopardize your life and your goals, then maybe you should reexamine your friendship? What do you think?

Decantation Definition in Chemistry

Decantation Definition in Chemistry In everyday work, the term decantation is usually associated with wine. Decanting is also a chemical laboratory process used to separate mixtures. Decanting is a process used to separate mixtures, and ii its simplest form it just means allowing a mixture of solid and liquid or two immiscible liquids to settle and separate by gravity. This process can be slow and tedious without the aid of a centrifuge. Once the mixture components have separated, the lighter liquid is poured off leaving the heavier liquid or solid behind. Typically, a small amount of the lighter liquid is left behind. In laboratory conditions, small volumes of mixtures are decanted in test tubes. If time is not a concern, the test tube is kept at a 45 ° angle in a test tube rack. This allows the heavier particles to slide down the side of the test tube while allowing the lighter liquid a path to rise to the top. If the test tube were held vertically, the heavier mixture component could block the test tube and not allow the lighter liquid to pass as it rises. A centrifuge can greatly increase the rate of separation by simulating a great increase in the force of gravity. Some Mixtures That Can Be Decanted Oil and water  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Oil floats on top of water. Decanting the mixture allows the oil to be poured off the water.Gasoline or kerosene and water –  This mixture is an example often cited as a safety hazard. Decanting a mixture containing flammable solvents can be dangerous as the flammable material evaporates and forms dangerous fumes.Dirt and water –  Muddy water can be cleared up by decanting. The soil will sink to the bottom of the tube allowing the clear water to be poured off.Wine –  Sediment from the fermentation process can produce an undesirable taste. Wine is decanted to separate the wine from these sediments.Cream and milk –  Cream is separated from milk by decantation. Cream rises to the top of the milk mixture and is easily skimmed off.Blood and plasma –  A centrifuge is necessary for this decantation. Plasma can be removed from blood by decantation.